2010 Cadillac Truck Escalade EXT AWD V8-6.2L Technical Service Bulletin # 05-03-10-020D Date: 120918
Wheels/Tires - Use Of Nitrogen Gas In Tires
INFORMATION
Bulletin No.: 05-03-10-020D
Date: September 18, 2012
Subject: Use of Nitrogen Gas in Tires
Models:
2013 and Prior GM Passenger Cars and Trucks
Supercede:
This bulletin is being revised to add the 2012 and 2013 model years. Please discard Corporate Bulletin Number 05-03-10-020C (Section 03 -
Suspension).
GM's Position on the Use of Nitrogen Gas in Tires
General Motors does not oppose the use of purified nitrogen as an inflation gas for tires. We expect the theoretical benefits to be reduced in
practical use due to the lack of an existing infrastructure to continuously facilitate inflating tires with nearly pure nitrogen. Even occasional inflation
with compressed atmospheric air will negate many of the theoretical benefits. Given those theoretical benefits, practical limitations, and the robust
design of GM original equipment TPC tires, the realized benefits to our customer of inflating their tires with purified nitrogen are expected to be
minimal.
The Promise of Nitrogen: Under Controlled Conditions
2010 Cadillac Truck Escalade EXT AWD V8-6.2L Page 23
Recently, nitrogen gas (for use in inflating tires) has become available to the general consumer through some retailers. The use of nitrogen gas to
inflate tires is a technology used in automobile racing. The following benefits under controlled conditions are attributed to nitrogen gas and its
unique properties:
- A reduction in the expected loss of Tire Pressure over time.
- A reduction in the variance of Tire Pressures with temperature changes due to reduction of water vapor concentration.
- A reduction of long term rubber degradation due to a decrease in oxygen concentrations.
Important
These are obtainable performance improvements when relatively pure nitrogen gas is used to inflate tires under controlled
conditions.
The Promise of Nitrogen: Real World Use
Nitrogen inflation can provide some benefit by reducing gas migration (pressure loss) at the molecular level through the tire structure. NHTSA
(National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) has stated that the inflation pressure loss of tires can be up to 5% a month. Nitrogen molecules
are larger than oxygen molecules and, therefore, are less prone to "seeping" through the tire casing. The actual obtainable benefits of nitrogen vary,
based on the physical construction and the materials used in the manufacturing of the tire being inflated.
Another potential benefit of nitrogen is the reduced oxidation of tire components. Research has demonstrated that oxygen consumed in the
oxidation process of the tire primarily comes from the inflation media. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that oxidation of tire components can
be reduced if the tire is inflated with pure nitrogen. However, only very small amounts of oxygen are required to begin the normal oxidation
process. Even slight contamination of the tire inflation gas with compressed atmospheric air during normal inflation pressure maintenance, may
negate the benefits of using nitrogen.
GM Tire Quality, Technology and Focus of Importance
Since 1972, General Motors has designed tires under the TPC (Tire Performance Criteria) specification system, which includes specific
requirements that ensure robust tire performance under normal usage. General Motors works with tire suppliers to design and manufacture original
equipment tires for GM vehicles. The GM TPC addresses required performance with respect to both inflation pressure retention, and endurance
properties for original equipment tires. The inflation pressure retention requirements address availability of oxygen and oxidation concerns, while
endurance requirements ensure the mechanical structure of the tire has sufficient strength. This combination has provided our customers with tires
that maintain their structural integrity throughout their useful treadlife under normal operating conditions.
Regardless of the inflation media for tires (atmospheric air or nitrogen), inflation pressure maintenance of tires is critical for overall tire, and
ultimately, vehicle performance. Maintaining the correct inflation pressure allows the tire to perform as intended by the vehicle manufacturer in
many areas, including comfort, fuel economy, stopping distance, cornering, traction, treadwear, and noise. Since the load carrying capability of a
tire is related to inflation pressure, proper inflation pressure maintenance is necessary for the tire to support the load imposed by the vehicle without
excessive structural degradation.
Important
Regardless of the inflation media for tires (atmospheric air or nitrogen), inflation pressure maintenance of tires is critical for overall tire,
and ultimately, vehicle performance.
